What is congenital heart disease.'The guts is a 4-chambered organ. The higher two (small) chambers are called auricles and the lower two (bigger) are called ventricles. The auricles on all sides are connected with their respective ventricles via an orifice/ opening, the left one is known as mitral orifice and the right one is known as tricuspid orifice. The orifices are guarded by valves (called the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve) in order that blood flows in one route only i.e. from auricles to ventricles, on every side.
The left side of the center accommodates pure or oxygenated blood. After oxygenation, the blood comes from the lungs to the left higher chamber i.e. the left auricle via the pulmonary veins. From left auricle, the blood goes to the left ventricle via the mitral orifice, and from the left ventricle, the blood is pushed/pumped into the aorta (via the aortic orifice, guarded by the aortic valve) i.e. the principle blood vessel which supplies blood to all the body via its several branches.
From the body, the blood has to return to the center for additional oxygenation. This blood enters into the higher proper chamber of the center (proper auricle), via superior vena cava which returns the blood from the higher half of the body and through the inferior vena cava, which returns the blood from the lower half of the body. The blood then goes to the right ventricle via the tricuspid orifice. The best ventricle additional pushes the blood via the pulmonary orifice (guarded by pulmonary valve) into the pulmonary trunk, which divides into proper and left pulmonary arteries for carrying the blood additional to the right and left lung respectively, for oxygenation.
It's apparent from the above that the left side chambers comprise oxygenated blood while the right side chambers comprise impure blood. The best and left side chambers of the center are usually not connected in any manner, in order that there is no mixing of pure and impure blood.
The primary pulmonary artery/trunk which carries blood from proper ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation may be involved. If this vessel is stenosed, called pulmonary stenosis (PS), the whole blood from the right ventricle will not be able to go to the lungs for purification. This defect may be related to a septal defect both between the two auricles called atrial septal defect (ASD) or between the two ventricles called ventricular septal defect (VSD), or each, in order that impure blood goes to the left side (as in such circumstances stress is more within the chambers on the right side), i.e. into the left auricle or the left ventricle.
On this manner, left side chambers of the center instead of containing pure oxygenated blood, comprise combined blood i.e. each pure and impure blood. This combined blood is provided to the body via the aorta, in order that the body instead of getting pure oxygenated blood, will get combined blood, and hence every organ/tissue of the body suffers, and the kid may be born. blue/ cyanosed, or becomes blue with a slight exertion.
If pulmonary stenosis (PS) is related to VSD With resultant proper ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), and the aorta also will get connected with the right ventricle (as a result of VSD), called dextroposition of the aorta (DA), the situation is known as tetralogy of Fallot (PS, VSD, RVH, DA). And when tetralogy of Fallot is related to ASD, the situation is known as pentalogy of Fallot. In such circumstances the kid is anticipated to be markedly blue (cyanosed) proper from beginning i.e. a blue baby may be born.
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